Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus AC on the growth, intestinal flora and metabolism of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

The intensive aquaculture model has resulted in a heightened prevalence of diseases among farmed animals. It is imperative to identify healthy and efficacious alternatives to antibiotics for the sustainable progression of aquaculture. In this investigation, a strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus AC was introduced into the cultural water at varying concentrations (105 CFU/mL, 106 CFU/mL, 107 CFU/mL) to nourish zebrafish (Danio rerio). The findings revealed that L. acidophilus AC effectively increased the growth performance of zebrafish, improved the ion exchange capacity of gills, and enhanced hepatic antioxidant and immune-enzyme activities. Furthermore, L. acidophilus AC notably enhanced the intestinal morphology and augmented the activity of digestive enzymes within the intestinal tract. Analysis of intestinal flora revealed that L. acidophilus AC exerted a significant impact on the intestinal flora community, manifested by a reduction in the relative abundance of Burkholderiales, Candidatus_Saccharibacteria_bacterium, and Sutterellaceae, coupled with an increase in the relative abundance of Cetobacterium. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that L. acidophilus AC significantly affected intestinal metabolism of zebrafish. PG (i-19:0/PGE2) and 12-Hydroxy-13-O-d-glucuronoside-octadec-9Z-enoate were the metabolites with the most significant up- and down-regulation folds, respectively. Finally, L. acidophilus AC increased the resistance of zebrafish to Aeromonas hydrophila. In conclusion, L. acidophilus AC was effective in enhancing the health and immunity of zebrafish. Thus, our findings suggested that L. acidophilus AC had potential applications and offered a reference for its use in aquaculture.

Probiotic-derived silver nanoparticles target mTOR/MMP-9/BCL-2/dependent AMPK activation for hepatic cancer treatment.

Recent advances in nanotechnology have offered novel ways to combat cancer. By utilizing the reducing capabilities of Lactobacillus acidophilus, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are synthesized. The anti-cancer properties of AgNPs have been demonstrated in previous studies against several cancer cell lines; it has been hypothesized that these compounds might inhibit AMPK/mTOR signalling and BCL-2 expression. Consequently, the current research used both in vitro and in silico approaches to study whether Lactobacillus acidophilus AgNPs could inhibit cell proliferation autophagy and promote apoptosis in HepG2 cells. The isolated strain was identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus strain RBIM based on 16 s rRNA gene analysis. Based on our research findings, it has been observed that this particular strain can generate increased quantities of AgNPs when subjected to optimal growing conditions. The presence of silanols, carboxylates, phosphonates, and siloxanes on the surface of AgNPs was confirmed using FTIR analysis. AgNPs were configured using UV-visible spectroscopy at 425 nm. In contrast, it was observed that apoptotic cells exhibited orange-coloured bodies due to cellular shrinkage and blebbing initiated by AgNP treatment, compared to non-apoptotic cells. It is worth mentioning that AgNPs exhibited remarkable selectivity in inducing cell death, specifically in HepG2 cells, unlike normal WI-38 cells. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for HepG2 and WI-38 cells were 4.217 µg/ml and 154.1 µg/ml, respectively. AgNPs induce an upregulation in the synthesis of inflammation-associated cytokines, including (TNF-α and IL-33), within HepG2 cells. AgNPs co-treatment led to higher glutathione levels and activating pro-autophagic genes such as AMPK.Additionally, it resulted in the suppression of mTOR, MMP-9, BCL-2, and α-SMA gene expression. The docking experiments suggest that the binding of AgNPs to the active site of the AMPK enzyme leads to inhibiting its activity. The inhibition of AMPK ultimately results in the suppression of the mechanistic mTOR and triggers apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the results of our study indicate that the utilization of AgNPs may represent a viable strategy for the eradication of liver cancerous cells through the activation of apoptosis and the enhancement of immune system reactions.

The effects of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujube) on physicochemical, functional, and sensorial properties, and probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilusDSM 20079) viability of probiotic ice cream.

The effects of blueberry (BB) and jujube fruit (JF) on the quality parameters, functional, probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079) viability, and sensorial properties of probiotic ice cream were investigated. No statistical differences were discovered regarding titratable acidity and L. acidophilus DSM 20079 counts between all samples. However, the ice creams preserved the survivability of probiotic bacteria during the storage period. The probiotic ice creams had counts of viable L. acidophilus DSM 20079 ranging from 8.42 to 8.80 log CFU/g which met the minimum required to achieve probiotic effects after 60 days of storage. Probiotic ice cream with BB or JF had significantly lower L* values than the control, and the BB addition caused the greatest decrease. The addition of both fruits clearly enhanced the total phenolic content and antioxidative activity in ice cream. The incorporation of BB or JF into the ice creams did not statistically affect the overrun value, while the addition of both fruits dramatically affected the first dripping time and increased hardness. Overall, sensory attributes were not significantly altered by the fortification of either fruit relative to the control, so these fruits can be added at higher concentrations to ice cream formulations for further studies.

Nutrient consumption patterns of Lactobacillus acidophilus.

BACKGROUND: One of the greatest challenges in using Lactobacillus acidophilus as a probiotic is acid stress. The current research aimed to identify substances that help L. acidophilus resist acid stress; this was achieved through assessing its nutrient consumption patterns under various pH conditions. RESULTS: The consumption rates of alanine, uracil, adenine, guanine, niacin, and manganese were consistently higher than 60% for L. acidophilus LA-5 cultured at pH 5.8, 4.9, and 4.4. The consumption rates of glutamic acid + glutamine and thiamine increased with decreasing pH and were higher than 60% at pH 4.9 and 4.4. The viable counts of L. acidophilus LA-5 were significantly increased under the corresponding acidic stress conditions (pH 4.9 and 4.4) through the appropriate addition of either alanine (3.37 and 2.81 mmol L-1 ), glutamic acid + glutamine (4.77 mmol L-1 ), guanine (0.13 and 0.17 mmol L-1 ), niacin (0.02 mmol L-1 ), thiamine (0.009 mmol L-1 ), or manganese (0.73 and 0.64 mmol L-1 ) (P < 0.05). The viable counts of L. acidophilus LA-5 cultured in a medium supplemented with combined nutritional factors was 1.02-1.03-fold of the counts observed in control medium under all acid conditions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Alanine, glutamic acid + glutamine, guanine, niacin, thiamine, and manganese can improve the growth of L. acidophilus LA-5 in an acidic environment in the present study. The results will contribute to optimizing strategies to enhance the acid resistance of L. acidophilus and expand its application in the fermentation industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Superoxide-producing associates from gastrointestinal bacteria: stimulation of its growth by exogenous superoxide-producing complex from raspberries.

Aerobic organisms including the gut microbiota have an essential antioxidant status, as a result of which these bacteria protect organisms from various pathologies and diseases. The goal of the given investigation is (1) the isolation and purification of the isoforms of endogenous О2--producing associate from gastrointestinal bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum); (2) determination of the effective concentrations of exogenous О2- produced by a complex of NADPH-containing protein component and Fe(III) (NPC-Fe(III)) from raspberries on the growth of the gastrointestinal bacteria in a nutrient medium in vitro. Ion-exchange chromatography on cellulose DE-52 and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 at the pH of 9.5 was used to isolate and purify the NLP-Nox isoforms. Specific maximal optical absorption spectra of the Nox isoforms were observed in a weakly opalescent aqueous solution of the NLP-Nox isoforms. The specific contents of these NLP-Nox isoforms, as well as their composition, the stationary concentration of produced О2-, and the mechanism of О2- production were determined. The stimulating effect on the growth of these gastrointestinal bacteria in the nutrient medium of MRS broth and MRS agar in vitro under the influence of О2-, as a product of a new thermostable and acid-stable complex NPC-Fe(III) was determined. The NPC-Fe(III) complex, from raspberries was determined as well. Thus, for the first time, the isolation and purification of О2-- producing thermostable NADPH-containing lipoprotein-NADPH oxidase (NLP-Nox) associate from gastrointestinal bacteria membranes (continuously producing О2- under the aerobic conditions), and the stimulation of these bacteria growth by О2- formed by the complex from raspberries were demonstrated.

The О₂⁻-producing associate NLP-Nox was isolated and purified from the gut microbiota.NLP-Nox associate produces О₂⁻ by using a protein-bound non-free NADPH as a substrate.The NPC-Fe(III) isolated from raspberries generates О₂⁻.The effective quantities of О₂⁻ promotes the growth and development of bacteria.

Examining the Effect of Freezing Temperatures on the Survival Rate of Micro-Encapsulated Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 Using the Flash Freeze-Drying (FFD) Strategy.

This work proposes a novel drying method suitable for probiotic bacteria, called flash freeze-drying (FFD), which consists of a cyclic variation in pressure (up-down) in a very short time and is applied during primary drying. The effects of three FFD temperatures (-25 °C, -15 °C, and -3 °C) on the bacterial survival and water activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 (LA), previously microencapsulated with calcium alginate and chitosan, were evaluated. The total process time was 900 min, which is 68.75% less than the usual freeze-drying (FD) time of 2880 min. After FFD, LA treated at -25 °C reached a cell viability of 89.94%, which is 2.74% higher than that obtained by FD, as well as a water activity of 0.0522, which is 55% significantly lower than that observed using FD. Likewise, this freezing temperature showed 64.72% cell viability at the end of storage (28 days/20 °C/34% relative humidity). With the experimental data, a useful mathematical model was developed to obtain the optimal FFD operating parameters to achieve the target water content in the final drying.

The sensory evaluation and antimicrobial efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus supernatant on Salmonella enteritidis in milk.

Postbiotics are metabolites derived from living probiotic bacteria like Lactobacillus strains, during the fermentation process and/or produced in pure form on laboratory scales. These compounds, depending on the type of probiotic from which they are prepared, have specific antibacterial agents such as: organic acids, bacteriocins, short-chain fatty acids, and peptides. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus supernatant (LAS) on the growth pattern of Salmonella enteritidis at fluctuating temperatures and the sensory evaluation of milk that contains this probiotic. Baranyi and Roberts's model determined the best-fit curve for the microbial growth. According to mathematical equations, the highest and lowest specific growth (µ max) rates of S. enteritidis were obtained at 0.055 h-1 and 0.0059 h-1 and also highest and lowest maximum generation time (MGT) values were obtained at 20.06 h and 8.85 h, respectively. Sensory evaluation by the Triangel test reveals that LAS could not establish a significant (p > .05) adverse effect on milk perceptible. Regarding the results obtained in the present study, LAS, without causing adverse sensory change, could act as a safe food additive for the control of bacterial pathogens and reducing food waste, particularly in milk and milk-containing food products.

Benefits of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, immunity, and cecal microbiota of rabbits.

Introduction: Heat-killed probiotics, as a type of inactivated beneficial microorganisms, possess an extended shelf life and broader adaptability compared to their live counterparts. This study aimed to investigate the impact of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus, LA) - a deactivated probiotic on the growth performance, digestibility, antioxidant status, immunity and cecal microbiota of rabbits. Methods: Two hundred weaned Hyla rabbits were randomly allocated into five equal groups (CON, L200, L400, L600, and L800). Over a 28-day period, the rabbits were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg of heat-killed LA, respectively. Results: Results revealed a significant reduction in the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) in the L600 and L800 groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the L800 group exhibited significantly higher apparent digestibility of crude fiber (CF) and crude protein (CP) (p < 0.05). Regarding digestive enzyme activities, enhanced trypsin and fibrinase activities were observed in the L600 and L800 groups (p < 0.05). Concerning the regulation of the body's antioxidant status, the L800 group demonstrated elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in both serum and ileal tissue (p < 0.05). In terms of immune capacity modulation, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly lower in the L600 and L800 groups (p < 0.05), while immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were higher (p < 0.05). Additionally, the L800 group exhibited a substantial increase in secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels in the intestinal mucosa (p < 0.05). In comparison to the CON group, the L800 group exhibited a significant increase in the relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and Alistipes in the cecum (p < 0.05). Phascolarctobacterium demonstrated a positive correlation with SIgA (p < 0.05), IgM (p < 0.01), and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (p < 0.05), while displaying a negative correlation with TNF-α levels (p < 0.05). Concurrently, Alistipes exhibited positive correlations with IgA (p < 0.05), IgM (p < 0.05), SIgA (p < 0.01), GSH-Px (p < 0.05), SOD (p < 0.05), and T-AOC (p < 0.01), and a negative correlation with TNF-α (p < 0.05). Discussion: In conclusion, the dietary incorporation of 600 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of heat-killed LA positively influenced the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, immune capacity and cecal microbiota of rabbits. This highlights the potential benefits of utilizing heat-killed probiotics in animal nutrition.

Mechanistic study on the alleviation of postmenopausal osteoporosis by Lactobacillus acidophilus through butyrate-mediated inhibition of osteoclast activity.

In China, traditional medications for osteoporosis have significant side effects, low compliance, and high costs, making it urgent to explore new treatment options. Probiotics have demonstrated superiority in the treatment of various chronic diseases, and the reduction of bone mass in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is closely related to the degradation and metabolism of intestinal probiotics. It is crucial to explore the role and molecular mechanisms of probiotics in alleviating PMOP through their metabolites, as well as their therapeutic effects. We aim to identify key probiotics and their metabolites that affect bone loss in PMOP through 16srDNA sequencing combined with non-targeted metabolomics sequencing, and explore the impact and possible mechanisms of key probiotics and their metabolites on the progression of PMOP in the context of osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency. The sequencing results showed a significant decrease in Lactobacillus acidophilus and butyrate in PMOP patients. In vivo experiments confirmed that the intervention of L. acidophilus and butyrate significantly inhibited osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity, improved intestinal barrier permeability, suppressed B cells, and the production of RANKL on B cells, effectively reduced systemic bone loss induced by oophorectomy, with butyric acid levels regulated by L. acidophilus. Consistently, in vitro experiments have confirmed that butyrate can directly inhibit the formation of osteoclasts and bone resorption activity. The above research results indicate that there are various pathways through which L. acidophilus inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity through butyrate. Intervention with L. acidophilus may be a safe and promising treatment strategy for osteoclast related bone diseases, such as PMOP.

Effects of selenium nanoparticles produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus HN23 on lipid deposition in WRL68 cells.

Selenium is an essential trace element for most organisms, protecting cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals and serving as an adjunctive treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, We used the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus HN23 to reduce tetra-valent sodium selenite into particulate matter, and analyzed it through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We found that it consisted of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with a mass composition of 65.8 % zero-valent selenium and some polysaccharide and polypeptide compounds, with particle sizes ranging from 60 to 300 nm. We also detected that SeNPs were much less toxic to cells than selenite. We further used free fatty acids (FFA)-induced WRL68 fatty liver cell model to study the therapeutic effect of SeNPs on NAFLD. The results show that SeNPs are more effective than selenite in reducing lipid deposition, increasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and antioxidant capacity of WRL68 cells, which is attributed to the chemical valence state of selenium and organic composition in SeNPs. In conclusion, SeNPs produced by probiotics L. acidophilus had the potential to alleviate NAFLD by reducing hepatocyte lipid deposition and oxidative damage. This study may open a new avenue for SeNPs drug development to treat NAFLD.

Isolation of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain and its anti-obesity effect in a diet induced obese murine model.

Intestinal microbiota is a potential determinant of obesity, with probiotic bile salt hydrolase (BSH) as one of the key mechanisms in the anti-obesity effects. In this study, we present a Lactobacillus acidophilus GOLDGUT-LA100 (LA100) with high BSH activity, good gastric acid and bile salt tolerance, and a potential anti-obesity effect. LA100's anti-obesity effects were evaluated in a high-fat diet-induced, obese mouse model. LA100 administration alleviates high-fat diet-induced pathophysiological symptoms, such as body weight gain, high serum glucose and cholesterol level, hepatic lipid accumulation, and adipose inflammation. These results demonstrate concrete anti-obesity benefit in animal models and show promising applications in future clinical studies.

Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in a Mouse Model.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with repeated exacerbations of eczema and pruritus. Probiotics can prevent or treat AD appropriately via modulation of immune responses and gut microbiota. In this study, we evaluated effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) KBL409 using a house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae)-induced in vivo AD model. Oral administration of L. acidophilus KBL409 significantly reduced dermatitis scores and decreased infiltration of immune cells in skin tissues. L. acidophilus KBL409 reduced in serum immunoglobulin E and mRNA levels of T helper (Th)1 (Interferon-γ), Th2 (Interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31), and Th17 (IL-17A) cytokines in skin tissues. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased and Foxp3 expression was up-regulated in AD-induced mice with L. acidophilus KBL409. Furthermore, L. acidophilus KBL409 significantly modulated gut microbiota and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and amino acids, which could explain its effects on AD. Our results suggest that L. acidophilus KBL409 is the potential probiotic for AD treatment by modulating of immune responses and gut microbiota of host.

Comparison of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Bamboo Shoot Ethanol Extract With Chlorhexidine Mouth Rinse Against Salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An Ex Vivo Study.

Background Dental caries is the most prevalent polymicrobial oral infectious disease tormenting individuals' healthy lifestyles and presents a significant public health problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial properties of different concentrations of bamboo shoot ethanol extract with chlorhexidine mouth rinse on isolates of salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus). Materials and methods Non-stimulated salivary samples from 30 young adults were treated ex vivo with bamboo shoot ethanolic extract at concentrations of 30 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, and 60 µg/ml. The colony-forming units were quantified by measuring the number of viable bacterial cells. Inhibition zones were evaluated using the agar diffusion method. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc test were used to analyze the significant difference between variables using SPSS version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The mean zone of inhibition with bamboo shoot ethanolic extract against salivary S. mutans (23.00 ± 0.816) and L. acidophilus (22.00 ± 0.816) total counts was closest to the control chlorhexidine (S. mutans = 22.00 ± 0.876 and L. acidophilus = 21.10 ± 0.876). A greater activity against S. mutans and L. acidophilus is seen in the zone of inhibition of the 60 µg/ml experimental concentration of bamboo shoot ethanolic extract, with a significant difference in the disc diffusion assay. Conclusion The treatment with bamboo shoot extract was equivalent effective in the mentioned bacterial species. Clinical relevance It can be assured that preventive measures like mouth rinse and dentifrices compromising bamboo shoots, a potential dental biomaterial, would be optimistic agents for caries control, including the cariostatic effect.

Characterization of white chocolate enriched with co-encapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) and rose hip shell fruit extract: Characterization, probiotic viability during storage, and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.

This research focused on the production of a new kind of probiotic chocolate containing co-encapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) bacteria and rose hip shell fruit extract. Several properties of chocolate samples, including rheological, textural, thermal properties, particle size distribution, color indices, total phenolic and anthocyanin magnitude, antioxidant potential, and Raman spectroscopy were performed. The prepared white chocolates were assessed for the survival of the probiotic cell and the stability of anthocyanins and phenolic components in different storage times (until 90 days) and different storage temperatures (at 4 and 25°C). Observations imply that both temperature and duration of storage had an impact on the extent of survival of probiotics as well as stability of total phenolic content (TPC) and anthocyanin content (p < .05). During in vitro gastrointestinal circumstances, the extent of survival of L. acidophilus, in two chocolate matrixes, was assessed. At the end of gastric and intestinal condition, the log of viable cells was 7 and 6, respectively. The magnitude of the bioaccessibility of anthocyanin and phenolic components was 81% and 78%, respectively. Sensory evaluation affirmed that there was no remarkable variation between samples in terms of overall acceptance.

Lactobacillus acidophilus and its metabolite ursodeoxycholic acid ameliorate ulcerative colitis by promoting Treg differentiation and inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization.

Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) is a common clinical probiotic that improves ulcerative colitis (UC) by restoring intestinal immune balance. However, the interaction of LA with the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the treatment of UC remains unknown. Therefore, this study seeks to elucidate whether the gut microbiota and its metabolites act as pivotal effectors in LA's therapeutic mechanisms and how precisely they modulate intestinal immunity. In this study, we verified that LA can obviously ameliorate the disease severity, and regulate intestinal immune disorders in UC mice. Subsequently, antibiotic (ABX)-mediated depletion of the gut microflora demonstrated that the therapeutic efficiency of LA was closely associated with gut microbiota. In addition, the results of metabolomics revealed that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a metabolite of intestinal flora, may be a potential effector molecule mediating therapeutic effects of LA. Indeed, we found that UDCA can improve the macro pathological characteristics of UC mice, and through a comprehensive set of in vivo and in vitro experiments, we discovered that UDCA exerts dual effects on immune regulation. Firstly, it promotes the differentiation of Treg cells, resulting in increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Secondly, UDCA inhibits the polarization of M1 macrophages, effectively reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, we found that UDCA regulation of immune response is directly related to the RapGap/PI3K-AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, LA and its metabolite, UDCA, may treat UC by activating the RapGap/PI3K-AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway and modulating Treg cells and M1 macrophages. All in all, our findings highlight the potential of microbial metabolites in enhancing probiotic for UC treatment.

Lactobacillus acidophilus suppresses non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma through producing valeric acid.

BACKGROUND: Gut probiotic depletion is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (NAFLD-HCC). Here, we investigated the prophylactic potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus against NAFLD-HCC. METHODS: NAFLD-HCC conventional and germ-free mice were established by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) injection with feeding of high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) or choline-deficient high-fat (CDHF) diet. Orthotopic NAFLD-HCC allografts were established by intrahepatic injection of murine HCC cells with HFHC feeding. Metabolomic profiling was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biological functions of L. acidophilus conditional medium (L.a CM) and metabolites were determined in NAFLD-HCC human cells and mouse organoids. FINDINGS: L. acidophilus supplementation suppressed NAFLD-HCC formation in HFHC-fed DEN-treated mice. This was confirmed in orthotopic allografts and germ-free tumourigenesis mice. L.a CM inhibited the growth of NAFLD-HCC human cells and mouse organoids. The protective function of L. acidophilus was attributed to its non-protein small molecules. By metabolomic profiling, valeric acid was the top enriched metabolite in L.a CM and its upregulation was verified in liver and portal vein of L. acidophilus-treated mice. The protective function of valeric acid was demonstrated in NAFLD-HCC human cells and mouse organoids. Valeric acid significantly suppressed NAFLD-HCC formation in HFHC-fed DEN-treated mice, accompanied by improved intestinal barrier integrity. This was confirmed in another NAFLD-HCC mouse model induced by CDHF diet and DEN. Mechanistically, valeric acid bound to hepatocytic surface receptor GPR41/43 to inhibit Rho-GTPase pathway, thereby ablating NAFLD-HCC. INTERPRETATION: L. acidophilus exhibits anti-tumourigenic effect in mice by secreting valeric acid. Probiotic supplementation is a potential prophylactic of NAFLD-HCC. FUNDING: Shown in Acknowledgments.

Analyzing of colorectal cancerrelated genes and microRNAs expression profiles in response to probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in colon cancer cell lines.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the world's third most frequent cancer and the fourth cause of mortality. Probiotics play an important function in preventing metastasis as well as the growth and proliferation of malignant cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study investigated the anticancer effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus supernatant and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on colorectal cell lines, including HT29 and SW480 as a colorectal cancer model. The extract from the Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae standard probiotics were prepared, and probiotics characterization was confirmed by morphological and Biochemical tests. The viability of HT29 and SW480 colon cancer cell lines on effecting probiotic supernatant was evaluated by measuring the MTT colorimetric method. Comparison of the expression profile of several genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, and metastatic pathway in HT29 and SW480 cell lines with the treatment of probiotics extract showed an upregulation in the BAX, CASP3, and CASP9 and down regulation BCl-2, MMP2, and MMP9 genes. Also, a comparison of microRNA expression profiles indicated an increase of miR 34, 135, 25, 16, 195, 27, 98, let7 and a decrease of miR 9, 106b, 17, 21, 155, 221. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION: The findings of this study indicate that probiotics can effectively suppress the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and even reverse their development. Additionally, the study of cellular genes and miRNA profiles associated with colorectal cancer have demonstrated that our probiotics play a crucial role in CRC prevention by increasing the expression of tumor suppressor microRNAs and their target genes while decreasing oncogenes.

Safety assessment of potential probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus AM13-1 with high cholesterol-lowering capability isolated from human gut.

An important risk factor for cardiovascular disease is dyslipidemia, especially abnormal cholesterol levels. The relation between probiotics and cholesterol-lowering capability has been extensively studied. Lactobacillus acidophilus plays a significant role in affecting host health, and produces multitudinous metabolites, which have prohibitory functions against pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, we identified a cholesterol-lowering strain AM13-1, isolated from a fecal sample obtained from a healthy adult male, and performed comprehensive function analysis by whole-genome analysis and in vitro experiments. Genome analyses of L. acidophilus AM13-1 revealed that carbohydrate and amino acid transport, metabolism, translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis are abundant categories of functional genes. No virulence factors or toxin genes with experimentally verified were found in the genome of strain AM13-1. Besides, plenty of probiotic-related genes were predicted from the L. acidophilus AM13-1 genome, such as cbh, atpA-D, and dltD, with functions related to cholesterol-lowering and acid resistance. And strain AM13-1 showed high-efficiency of bile salt hydrolase activity and the capacity for removing cholesterol with efficiency rates of 70%. These function properties indicate that strain AM13-1 can be considered as a probiotic candidate for use in food and health care products.

Formulation and antibacterial properties of lollipops containing of chitosan- zinc oxide nano particles on planktonic and biofilm forms of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

This study aimed to formulate and characterize the experimental lollipops containing chitosan- zinc oxide nanoparticles (CH-ZnO NPs) and investigate their antimicrobial effects against some cariogenic bacteria. The CH-ZnO NPs were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). Then, four groups were made, including lollipops coated with 2 and 4 ml of CH-ZnO NPs, 0.7 ml CH-ZnO NPs incorporated lollipops, and those with no CH-ZnO NPs. Their antibacterial effectiveness against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus was evaluated by direct contact test and tissue culture plate method in planktonic and biofilm phases, respectively. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse (CHX) was used as a positive control group. In the planktonic phase, the antibacterial properties of both groups coated with CH-ZnO NPs were comparable and significantly higher than incorporated ones. There was no significant difference between CHX and the lollipops coated with 4 ml of NPs against S. mutans and CHX and two coated groups against L. acidophilus. None of the experimental lollipops in the biofilm phase could reduce both bacteria counts. The experimental lollipops coated with 2 and 4 ml of CH-ZnO NPs could reveal favorable antimicrobial properties against two cariogenic bacteria in the planktonic phase.

Lactobacillus acidophilus JYLA-126 Ameliorates Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders by Positively Regulating the AMPK Signaling Pathway Through the Gut-Liver Axis.

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease worldwide and is considered a major health problem in contemporary society. Lactobacillus acidophilus have demonstrated beneficial effects on obesity, but the specific mechanism of how it exerts beneficial effects has not been elucidated. Here, we found that L. acidophilus JYLA-126 had good biological properties for intestinal health, such as antioxidation, acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, antimicrobial activity, and gut colonization. We further identified that supplementation of L. acidophilus JYLA-126 obese mice possessed a dose-dependent amelioration of body weight, intestinal imbalance, and metabolic disorders compared to HFD-induced mice. Mechanistically, the excellent slimming effect of L. acidophilus JYLA-126 was achieved mainly by reversing HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, inhibiting inflammatory factors and balancing the homeostasis of the gut-liver axis. Specifically, L. acidophilus JYLA-126 improved hepatic glycogen synthesis, lowered oxidative stress, and facilitated lipid metabolism by regulating AMPK signaling pathway-related protein expression to restore the overall metabolic level. Accordingly, L. acidophilus JYLA-126 promoted energy uptake efficiency in obese mice, resulting in significant expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and markedly reduced the size of adipocytes. These findings indicate that the anti-obesity activity of L. acidophilus JYLA-126 correlates with activation of the AMPK signaling pathway through improved gut-liver interactions.